The nano-porous polymer in the filters has pores of 10-20 nm, allowing liquid with molecules less than 10 nm to pass through whilst stopping larger particulates from getting through.

They can be connected to water supplies with two inlets and the filtered clean water can be collected through pipes connected to the two outlets. They can also go into industrial water filtration machines with different geometrical sizes depending on the water flow requirements.

Into industrial or laboratory water filtration machines.

Single layer nano-scale graphene is harmful if it is taken into human body.  We use multiple layer large graphene flakes (several 10s of micrometers) and they are fully encapsulated into the polymer membrane, thus fixed. In addition, there is a graphene free polymer liner foam with around 1 micron pore size  filling the interior of the tube of the hollow fibre to stop any graphene from getting into the clean water side.

You can download our MSDS above.

Other industrial ultra-filtration filters for water treatment in the market do not have graphene.  There are three problems with these filters:  1) easily damaged as water pressurises them  2) pore size changes with temperature and does not work at low temperatures such as those close to zero degrees C,  3) need large space due to limited water throughput .

The advantage of graphene imbedded polymer hollow fibre filters is that it 1) it is more durable,  2) It can work at close to zero degrees C and is less sensitive to temperature changes,  3) It increases the water through volume, thus will significantly reduce energy and space for industrial water treatment.    

Also the current standard industrial water treatment systems only filter out particles above 1 micrometer (1000 nm).  Thus they cannot take out viruses (< 500 nm) and nano-plastics. Our filter can go down to 10 nm.

Yes. There are numerous scientific publications detailing the effects of nano-plastics on human health:

Carr, S.A., J. Liu, and A.G. Tesoro, Transport and fate of microplastic particles in wastewater treatment plants.Water research, 2016. 91: p. 174-182.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26795302/

Lin, P.-C., S. Lin, P.C. Wang, and R. Sridhar, Techniques for physicochemical characterization of nanomaterials.Biotechnology advances, 2014. 32(4): p. 711-726.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24252561/

Güven, O., K. Gökdağ, B. Jovanović, and A.E. Kıdeyş, Microplastic litter composition of the Turkish territorial waters of the Mediterranean Sea, and its occurrence in the gastrointestinal tract of fish.Environmental Pollution, 2017. 223: p. 286-294.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28117186/